Publication Ethics

Author Ethics

• Reporting
  Authors must provide information about the research process and results to the editor honestly, clearly, and comprehensively, and keep research data properly and safely.

• Originality and Plagiarism
  Authors must ensure that the submitted manuscript is original, written by themselves, sourced from their ideas, and does not plagiarize the works or ideas of others. Authors are strictly prohibited from attributing sources to anyone else's name.

• Redundant Submission
  Authors must confirm that the submitted manuscript has never been submitted to another publication. If there is any redundancy, the editor will reject the manuscript.

• Authorship
  Authors must ensure they meet the expertise requirements relevant to the field of publication. The first author (or co-author) must be accountable for resolving any issues that arise during the process.

• Correction of Errors
  Authors should promptly notify the editor of any errors found in the manuscript, whether in names, affiliations, information, or other content that may affect the manuscript's meaning and credibility. Necessary corrections should be announced and addressed immediately.

• Disclosure of Conflict of Interest
  Authors must disclose any conflicts of interest that might influence their manuscript.

Editor Ethics

• Publication Decision
  Editors must conduct a thorough, transparent, objective, fair, and wise review process, forming the basis for manuscript acceptance or rejection. The editorial board acts as a team in decision-making.

• Information Management
  Editors must ensure the clear and efficient use and distribution of both printed and electronic information.

• Peer-Review Distribution
  Editors are responsible for distributing manuscripts to reviewers and managing the review and evaluation process.

• Objectivity and Neutrality
  Editors must remain objective, neutral, and honest in assessing manuscripts, regardless of the author's gender, business affiliations, ethnicity, religion, race, or nationality.

• Confidentiality
  Editors must maintain the confidentiality of all information, especially regarding the author's privacy and manuscript distribution.

• Disclosure of Conflict of Interest
  Editors must avoid conflicts of interest to ensure a smooth and fair review process.

Reviewer Ethics

• Objectivity and Neutrality
  Reviewers must be honest, objective, unbiased, independent, and committed to scientific truth, regardless of the author's gender, business affiliations, ethnicity, religion, race, or nationality.

• Source Clarity
  Reviewers should ensure that references and quotations are appropriate and credible. Any errors or irregularities should be reported to the editor for correction by the author.

• Review Timeliness
  Reviewers must respond to manuscripts within the specified peer-review period (maximum of 2 weeks) and report any delays to the editorial secretariat.

• Disclosure of Conflict of Interest
  Reviewers must avoid conflicts of interest to ensure a smooth and fair review process.