Efektivitas Teknik Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Cbt) Dalam Menurunkan Kecemasan Sosial Pada Mahasiswa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70134/bikoling.v2i1.343Keywords:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, social anxiety, university students, psychological intervention, counselingAbstract
Social anxiety is a common psychological issue among university students, often negatively impacting academic performance and social functioning. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in reducing social anxiety in college students. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test on both experimental and control groups. A total of 30 students with moderate to high levels of social anxiety were selected and randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of CBT intervention, while the control group received no treatment. The main instrument used was the modified Social Anxiety Scale (SAS). Statistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in social anxiety levels in the experimental group compared to the control group. These findings indicate that CBT is effective in reducing social anxiety and improving students' social skills and self-confidence. CBT is recommended as a practical and structured intervention to be widely implemented in campus counseling services to support student mental health.
Downloads
References
Albano, A. M., & DiBartolo, P. M. (2007). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: Evidence-based and disorder-specific treatment techniques. Guilford Press.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
Andrews, G., Bell, C., Boyce, P., Gale, C., Lampe, L., Marwat, O., ... & Wilkins, G. (2018). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 52(12), 1109–1172.
Antony, M. M., & Barlow, D. H. (2002). Handbook of assessment and treatment of anxiety disorders. Oxford University Press.
Antony, M. M., & Rowa, K. (2005). Evidence-based assessment and treatment of social phobia (social anxiety disorder). Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 35(2), 89–101.
Armstrong, T. (2013). The power of neuroplasticity. Demos Health.
Beard, C., & Björgvinsson, T. (2014). Cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder: Current perspectives. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10, 33–42.
Beck, A. T., & Emery, G. (1985). Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective. Basic Books.
Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
Black, D. W., & Andreasen, N. C. (2014). Introductory textbook of psychiatry (6th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
Blagg, E. R., & Iacoviello, B. M. (2021). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder in college students. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 44(4), 599–609.
Blöte, A. W., Kint, M. J. W., Miers, A. C., & Westenberg, P. M. (2010). The relation between public speaking anxiety and social anxiety: A review. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(4), 305–313.
Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. E., Forman, E. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17–31.
Carleton, R. N. (2016). Fear of negative evaluation: Construct validity and potential cognitive correlates. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41, 104–112.
Chambless, D. L., & Hollon, S. D. (1998). Defining empirically supported therapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(1), 7–18.
Clark, D. M. (2001). A cognitive perspective on social phobia. In M. R. Liebowitz et al. (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 51–75). Guilford Press.
Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg et al. (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69–93). Guilford Press.
Craske, M. G. (2003). Mastery of your anxiety and panic: Workbook (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Davila, J., Hershenberg, R., Feinstein, B. A., Gorman, K. R., Bhatia, V., & Starr, L. R. (2012). Frequency and quality of social networking among depressed and non-depressed youth. Clinical Psychological Science, 1(1), 1–9.
Dobson, K. S., & Dozois, D. J. A. (Eds.). (2019). Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies (4th ed.). Guilford Press.
Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(4), 319–345.
Ellis, A. (2001). Feeling better, getting better, staying better: Profound self-help therapy for your emotions. Impact Publishers.
Fava, G. A., & Sonino, N. (2008). Psychiatric comorbidity in major depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 118(6), 390–402.
Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99(1), 20–35.
Foa, E. B., & McNally, R. J. (1996). Principles of anxiety disorders: A practitioner's guide. Guilford Press.
Furmark, T. (2002). Social phobia: Overview of community surveys. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 105(2), 84–93.
Glassman, L. H., Weingarden, H., Gentile, B., & Craske, M. G. (2016). Exposure therapy for anxiety disorders: Evidence-based treatment. In APA handbook of clinical psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 175–198). American Psychological Association.
Heimberg, R. G., & Becker, R. E. (2002). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia: Basic mechanisms and clinical strategies. Guilford Press.
Heimberg, R. G., & Becker, R. E. (2002). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia: Basic mechanisms and clinical strategies. Guilford Press.
Hofmann, S. G., & Otto, M. W. (2008). Cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: Evidence-based and disorder-specific treatment techniques. Routledge.
Hofmann, S. G., & Smits, J. A. (2008). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69(4), 621–632.
Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(5), 427–440.
Klenk, C., & Turner, R. (2010). Assessment and treatment of social anxiety disorder in adolescents: A review. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 40(4), 137–147.
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Ho, M. H. R., & Antony, M. M. (2015). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy and traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 68, 52–61.
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613.
Kroger, C. P., & Schimmack, U. (2014). Anxiety sensitivity and social anxiety disorder: A critical review of the literature. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(7), 751–760.
Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9(3), 371–375.
Mangiapane, S. M., & Wenzel, A. (2015). Psychological interventions for social anxiety disorder in adolescents: A meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 35, 1–12.
Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(4), 455–470.
McEvoy, P. M., & Andrews, G. (2012). A cognitive behavioral therapy program for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(5), 514–524.
Morrow, R. L., & Telch, M. J. (2012). Exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. In D. H. Barlow (Ed.), Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A step-by-step treatment manual (4th ed., pp. 168–205). Guilford Press.
Mörtberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, Ö., & Åberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(12), 3034–3047.
Neufeld, C. B., & Palma, P. (2017). Social anxiety in university students: The role of academic self-efficacy and self-esteem. Psychology & Education, 54(3), 50–61.
Olatunji, B. O., Williams, N. L., & Tolin, D. F. (2009). The empirical status of the cognitive-behavioral model of social anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(1), 39–49.
Padesky, C. A., & Mooney, K. A. (2012). Strengths-based cognitive–behavioural therapy: A four-step model to build resilience. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 19(4), 283–290.
Pollard, M., & Roberts, M. (2009). Self-compassion and the regulation of negative emotions: An examination of their relationship in social anxiety. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(7), 874–883.
Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(8), 741–756.
Reavley, N. J., & Jorm, A. F. (2011). The efficacy of early intervention for depression and anxiety in adolescents. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 45(10), 841–845.
Richards, D., & Lark, S. (2016). Psychological therapies for anxiety and depression in adolescents: An overview of the evidence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 190, 424–436.
Rodebaugh, T. L., & Heimberg, R. G. (2004). The treatment of social anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 24(7), 883–908.
Rodebaugh, T. L., Holaway, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2004). The treatment of social anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 24(7), 883–908.
Spence, S. H., Donovan, C. L., & Brechman-Toussaint, M. (2000). The treatment of childhood social phobia: The effectiveness of a social skills training-based cognitive-behavioral intervention, with and without parental involvement. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(6), 713–726.
Taylor, S. (1996). Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatments for social phobia. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 27(1), 1–9.
Turk, C. L., Heimberg, R. G., & Magee, L. (2008). Social anxiety disorder. In D. H. Barlow (Ed.), Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A step-by-step treatment manual (4th ed., pp. 123–175). Guilford Press.
Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33(4), 448–457.
Weeks, J. W., & Howell, A. N. (2012). The bivalent fear of evaluation model of social anxiety: Further integrating findings on fears of positive and negative evaluation. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 41(2), 83–95.
Werner, K. H., Goldin, P. R., Ball, T. M., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2011). Assessing social anxiety disorder using the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale. Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 715–726.
Wong, Q. J., & Rapee, R. M. (2016). The aetiology and maintenance of social anxiety disorder: A synthesis of complementary theoretical models and formulation of a new integrated model. Journal of Affective Disorders, 203, 84–100.
Yalom, I. D., & Leszcz, M. (2005). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy (5th ed.). Basic Books.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ardiansyah (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
