Environmental Performance of Fishing Gears Operated in Nias Marine Ecosystems

Abstract

This study evaluated the environmental performance of fishing gears operated in Nias marine ecosystems using indicators of selectivity, bycatch level, habitat interaction, and overall ecological impact. The results demonstrated that fishing gears used by small-scale fishers in Nias vary considerably in their environmental performance. Handlines exhibited the highest environmental performance, characterized by high selectivity, minimal bycatch, and negligible interaction with marine habitats. Fish traps and lift nets showed moderate environmental performance, with generally low to moderate ecological impacts depending on operational practices and fishing locations. Gillnets displayed moderate environmental performance but were associated with higher bycatch rates and greater potential interaction with sensitive habitats, particularly when mesh size and fishing areas were not properly managed. These findings indicate that not all fishing gears contribute equally to ecological pressure in Nias waters. Promoting the use of highly selective and low-impact fishing gears, such as handlines, while improving the design and management of moderate-impact gears, particularly gillnets, is essential for enhancing fisheries sustainability. The study highlights the importance of ecosystem-based fisheries management, supported by appropriate regulations, fisher awareness, and community participation, to ensure the long-term conservation of marine resources and the sustainability of coastal livelihoods in Nias.