Publication Ethics

Author Ethics

Reporting

Authors must present information about the research process and results to the editor honestly, clearly, and comprehensively, while ensuring that research data are properly and safely stored.

Originality and Plagiarism

Authors must ensure that the submitted manuscript is original, written by themselves, sourced from their own ideas, and does not plagiarize the works or ideas of others. Authors are strictly prohibited from attributing other people’s work to themselves.

Redundant Submission

Authors must confirm that the submitted manuscript has never been published or submitted to another journal. If redundancy is detected, the editor will reject the manuscript.

Authorship

Authors must ensure they meet authorship criteria according to their field of expertise and contribution to the research. The first author (or corresponding author) is responsible for addressing any issues that arise during the editorial process.

Correction of Errors

Authors should immediately inform the editor of any significant errors found in the manuscript, including mistakes in names, affiliations, data, or other information that may affect the interpretation and credibility of the work. Corrections must be made and communicated promptly.

Disclosure of Conflict of Interest

Authors must disclose any conflicts of interest that may influence the interpretation or presentation of their manuscript.

Editor Ethics

Publication Decision

Editors must conduct a thorough, transparent, objective, fair, and professional review process to determine whether a manuscript is accepted or rejected. The editorial board acts collectively in making final decisions.

Information Management

Editors must ensure that information—both in print and electronic form—is used and distributed clearly and efficiently.

Peer-Review Distribution

Editors are responsible for assigning manuscripts to qualified reviewers and managing the peer-review and evaluation process effectively.

Objectivity and Neutrality

Editors must be objective, neutral, and honest when assessing manuscripts, without discrimination based on gender, business affiliations, ethnicity, religion, race, or nationality.

Confidentiality

Editors must maintain the confidentiality of all information related to submitted manuscripts, especially concerning the authors’ identity and manuscript contents.

Disclosure of Conflict of Interest

Editors must avoid conflicts of interest to ensure a fair, transparent, and impartial review process.

Reviewer Ethics

Objectivity and Neutrality

Reviewers must act honestly, objectively, and independently, upholding scientific integrity without bias related to the author’s gender, institutional affiliation, ethnicity, religion, race, or nationality.

Source Clarity

Reviewers should ensure that references and quotations used in the manuscript are appropriate, credible, and properly cited. Any errors or irregularities must be reported to the editor for correction by the author.

Review Timeliness

Reviewers must complete their evaluations within the specified review period (maximum 2 weeks) and notify the editorial team if additional time is required.