Nilai-Nilai Toleransi Dalam Substansi Piagam Madinah Dan Relevansinya Bagi Moderasi Beragama Di Indonesia

Abstract

This article examines the values of tolerance contained in the substance of the Medina Charter and their relevance to religious moderation in Indonesia. It uses a qualitative library research design with a descriptive-analytical approach, drawing on eleven sources: two books and nine journal articles and conference proceedings. The data were analysed through content analysis by grouping the Charter's provisions into thematic values and relating them to the four indicators of religious moderation set out by the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs: national commitment, tolerance, anti-violence, and accommodation of local culture. The findings show five values of tolerance in the Charter: freedom of religion, most clearly in the clause on the Jewish community of Banu 'Awf; equal rights and obligations within one ummah; justice and legal protection; the settlement of disputes through a shared authority rather than violence; and a boundary that keeps tolerance from becoming a blending of creeds. These values correspond most strongly to the indicators of tolerance, anti-violence, and national commitment, and only weakly to accommodation of local culture. The Charter is therefore best read as a source of values and a historical example, not as an institutional blueprint, because of differences between a seventh-century city and a modern nation-state, the debate over the authenticity and numbering of its text, and the literature-based nature of this study.