Peran Bai’at Aqabah Dalam Membuka Jalan Hijrah Rasulullah Ke Madinah

Abstract

The migration of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) from Mecca to Medina was a significant event in the development of Islamic preaching, preceded by the gradual establishment of support from the people of Yathrib. This study aims to analyze the role of the First and Second Pledges of Aqabah in paving the way for the Prophet’s migration to Medina. This research employs the historical method with a library research approach. Data were collected from books on the Prophet’s biography (sirah nabawiyah) and relevant journal articles, then analyzed through chronological examination, source comparison, and interpretation of the relationship between the two pledges and the preparations for migration. The findings indicate that the Pledges of Aqabah contributed to the preparation for migration in three main ways: establishing a network of supporters for Islamic preaching in Yathrib, strengthening the people’s commitment to provide assistance and protection to the Prophet, and creating a social environment conducive to the continuation of Islamic preaching. The First Pledge of Aqabah strengthened the people’s commitment to Islamic faith, while the Second Pledge emphasized their willingness to protect and support the Prophet. Nevertheless, the Pledges of Aqabah were not the sole factors behind the migration, which was also influenced by the pressure faced by Muslims in Mecca and the Prophet’s strategic planning. Therefore, the Pledges of Aqabah can be understood as an important social foundation connecting the development of Islamic preaching in Mecca with its continuation in Medina.